Preservation of active ingredients is a critical aspect of product development in the skincare and cosmetics industry. Active ingredients are the key components that provide specific benefits and therapeutic effects in skincare products. These ingredients can be sensitive to external factors, such as air, light, heat, and contaminants, which can lead to degradation and reduced efficacy over time. The preservation of active ingredients is essential to ensure that skincare products deliver their intended benefits to consumers throughout their shelf life. Here are some important factors and techniques involved in preserving active ingredients:

Airless Packaging: Airless pump packaging, as previously mentioned, plays a vital role in preserving active ingredients. By eliminating air exposure within the container, airless pumps prevent oxidation and other chemical reactions that can degrade sensitive active compounds. The vacuum-based system ensures that the product is protected from external air and remains stable until dispensed, maintaining the efficacy of the active ingredients.

Light Protection: Many active ingredients, such as vitamins (e.g., Vitamin C), retinoids, and certain plant extracts, are susceptible to degradation when exposed to light. To counteract this, manufacturers use light-resistant packaging, such as opaque or tinted containers, to shield the product from harmful UV rays. This prevents the breakdown of active compounds and extends the shelf life of the product.

Use of Antioxidants: Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation reactions. They are commonly used in skincare formulations to protect and stabilize active ingredients. By incorporating antioxidants like vitamin E or rosemary extract, manufacturers can extend the shelf life of products and enhance the preservation of active compounds.

4. pH Balance: The pH level of a skincare product can influence the stability of active ingredients. Some actives are more stable at specific pH ranges. Manufacturers carefully adjust the pH of formulations to ensure the active ingredients remain effective and stable throughout the product's life cycle.

Chelating Agents: Chelating agents are substances added to formulations to bind with metal ions. Metal ions can catalyze oxidation reactions, leading to the degradation of active ingredients. Chelating agents help to neutralize these metal ions, thereby enhancing the preservation of active compounds.

Microencapsulation: Microencapsulation is a technique where active ingredients are encapsulated in tiny spheres or particles. These microcapsules act as protective shells, shielding the active compounds from external factors that could degrade them. When the product is applied to the skin, the microcapsules release the active ingredient gradually, improving stability and controlled release.